A new discussion around U.S. military readiness is drawing attention to a lesser-known issue: the heavy dependence on critical minerals, especially from China. As defence stockpiles shrink due to recent conflicts, experts say the real challenge may not just be rebuilding weapons—but securing the materials needed to make them.
Rising Costs and Shrinking Stockpiles
Recent reports claim that a major U.S. military operation, often referred to as “Operation Epic Fury,” has already cost around $25 billion, with proposals for much higher spending in the future. At the same time, analysts from the Center for Strategic and International Studies suggest that large portions of key weapon stockpiles have been used up.
This includes significant use of precision missiles, air defence interceptors, and cruise missiles. When combined with ongoing military support in Ukraine, the demand has increased further, raising concerns about supply levels.
Why Rebuilding Weapons Is Not Simple
Replacing these weapons is not just about manufacturing capacity. Many advanced systems depend on rare earth materials—special elements used in electronics, guidance systems, and high-performance magnets.
For example, cruise missiles, air defence systems, and modern fighter jets rely on materials like samarium, neodymium, dysprosium, and terbium. These are essential for precision targeting, radar systems, and engine performance.
China’s Key Role in Rare Earth Supply
A major concern is that China controls a large share of the global supply and processing of these materials. In recent years, it has introduced export controls on several key elements, affecting global availability.
These restrictions have already led to sharp price increases in some materials. Experts say this could slow down efforts to rebuild military stockpiles, as manufacturers may struggle to secure enough raw materials.
Impact on Defence Systems
Several important defence systems depend on these materials. For instance, advanced missiles and aircraft require high-performance magnets that can operate under extreme conditions.
Without steady access to these materials, production timelines could be delayed, and costs may rise further. This creates a strategic challenge, especially during times of conflict or increased military activity.
Global and Political Implications
The issue is expected to be a key topic in discussions between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping in upcoming meetings. U.S. officials have indicated that ensuring access to rare earth materials is now a top priority.
This highlights how economic and resource dependencies can influence global politics and defence strategies.
